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Disease Profile

Hydroxykynureninuria

Prevalence
Prevalence estimates on Rare Medical Network websites are calculated based on data available from numerous sources, including US and European government statistics, the NIH, Orphanet, and published epidemiologic studies. Rare disease population data is recognized to be highly variable, and based on a wide variety of source data and methodologies, so the prevalence data on this site should be assumed to be estimated and cannot be considered to be absolutely correct.

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US Estimated

Europe Estimated

Age of onset

Infancy

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ICD-10

E70.8

Inheritance

Autosomal dominant A pathogenic variant in only one gene copy in each cell is sufficient to cause an autosomal dominant disease.

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Autosomal recessive Pathogenic variants in both copies of each gene of the chromosome are needed to cause an autosomal recessive disease and observe the mutant phenotype.

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X-linked
dominant X-linked dominant inheritance, sometimes referred to as X-linked dominance, is a mode of genetic inheritance by which a dominant gene is carried on the X chromosome.

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X-linked
recessive Pathogenic variants in both copies of a gene on the X chromosome cause an X-linked recessive disorder.

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Mitochondrial or multigenic Mitochondrial genetic disorders can be caused by changes (mutations) in either the mitochondrial DNA or nuclear DNA that lead to dysfunction of the mitochondria and inadequate production of energy.

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Multigenic or multifactor Inheritance involving many factors, of which at least one is genetic but none is of overwhelming importance, as in the causation of a disease by multiple genetic and environmental factors.

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Not applicable

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Other names (AKA)

Xanthurenic aciduria; Kynureninase deficiency

Categories

Congenital and Genetic Diseases; Metabolic disorders; Nervous System Diseases

Summary

The following summary is from Orphanet, a European reference portal for information on rare diseases and orphan drugs.
orphanet

Orpha Number: 79155

Definition
A rare, genetic disorder of tryptophan metabolism characterized by massive urinary excretion of xanthurenic acid (XA), 3-hydroxykynurenine and kynurenine and increased XA concentration in plasma. The clinical phenotype is highly variable, ranging from asymptomatic or mild cases presentating with jaundice and vomiting, with subsequent normal development and growth, to more severe cases with manifestions which include intellectual disability, cerebellar ataxia, pellagra, progressive encephalopathy with muscular hypotonia, global developmental delay, stereotyped gestures and/or congenital deafness.

Visit the Orphanet disease page for more resources.

Symptoms

This table lists symptoms that people with this disease may have. For most diseases, symptoms will vary from person to person. People with the same disease may not have all the symptoms listed. This information comes from a database called the Human Phenotype Ontology (HPO) . The HPO collects information on symptoms that have been described in medical resources. The HPO is updated regularly. Use the HPO ID to access more in-depth information about a symptom.

Medical Terms Other Names
Learn More:
HPO ID
100% of people have these symptoms
Abnormal circulating tryptophan concentration
0004365
Encephalopathy
0001298
30%-79% of people have these symptoms
Breathing dysregulation
0005957
Congenital sensorineural hearing impairment
0008527
Dry skin
0000958
Global developmental delay
0001263
Headache
Headaches
0002315
Hypertonia
0001276
Hypotension
Low blood pressure
0002615
Intellectual disability
Mental deficiency
Mental retardation
Mental retardation, nonspecific
Mental-retardation

[ more ]

0001249
Renal tubular acidosis
Accumulation of acid in body due to kidney problem
0001947
Stereotypy
Repetitive movements
Repetitive or self-injurious behavior

[ more ]

0000733
Stomatitis
Inflammation of the mouth
0010280
Tachycardia
Fast heart rate
Heart racing
Racing heart

[ more ]

0001649
5%-29% of people have these symptoms
Coma
0001259
Percent of people who have these symptoms is not available through HPO
Abnormality of the musculature
Muscular abnormality
0003011
Abnormality of the respiratory system
0002086
Aminoaciduria
High urine amino acid levels
Increased levels of animo acids in urine

[ more ]

0003355
Autosomal recessive inheritance
0000007
Hearing impairment
Deafness
Hearing defect

[ more ]

0000365
Metabolic acidosis
0001942
Nonprogressive encephalopathy
0007030
Psychomotor retardation
0025356
Renal tubular dysfunction
Abnormal function of filtrating structures in kidney
0000124

Learn more

These resources provide more information about this condition or associated symptoms. The in-depth resources contain medical and scientific language that may be hard to understand. You may want to review these resources with a medical professional.

In-Depth Information

  • The Monarch Initiative brings together data about this condition from humans and other species to help physicians and biomedical researchers. Monarch’s tools are designed to make it easier to compare the signs and symptoms (phenotypes) of different diseases and discover common features. This initiative is a collaboration between several academic institutions across the world and is funded by the National Institutes of Health. Visit the website to explore the biology of this condition.
  • Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man (OMIM) is a catalog of human genes and genetic disorders. Each entry has a summary of related medical articles. It is meant for health care professionals and researchers. OMIM is maintained by Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine. 
  • Orphanet is a European reference portal for information on rare diseases and orphan drugs. Access to this database is free of charge.
  • PubMed is a searchable database of medical literature and lists journal articles that discuss Hydroxykynureninuria. Click on the link to view a sample search on this topic.