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Disease Profile

Blepharonasofacial malformation syndrome

Prevalence
Prevalence estimates on Rare Medical Network websites are calculated based on data available from numerous sources, including US and European government statistics, the NIH, Orphanet, and published epidemiologic studies. Rare disease population data is recognized to be highly variable, and based on a wide variety of source data and methodologies, so the prevalence data on this site should be assumed to be estimated and cannot be considered to be absolutely correct.

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US Estimated

Europe Estimated

Age of onset

Childhood

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ICD-10

Q87.0

Inheritance

Autosomal dominant A pathogenic variant in only one gene copy in each cell is sufficient to cause an autosomal dominant disease.

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Autosomal recessive Pathogenic variants in both copies of each gene of the chromosome are needed to cause an autosomal recessive disease and observe the mutant phenotype.

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X-linked
dominant X-linked dominant inheritance, sometimes referred to as X-linked dominance, is a mode of genetic inheritance by which a dominant gene is carried on the X chromosome.

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X-linked
recessive Pathogenic variants in both copies of a gene on the X chromosome cause an X-linked recessive disorder.

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Mitochondrial or multigenic Mitochondrial genetic disorders can be caused by changes (mutations) in either the mitochondrial DNA or nuclear DNA that lead to dysfunction of the mitochondria and inadequate production of energy.

Multigenic or multifactor Inheritance involving many factors, of which at least one is genetic but none is of overwhelming importance, as in the causation of a disease by multiple genetic and environmental factors.

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Not applicable

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Other names (AKA)

Pashayan syndrome

Categories

Congenital and Genetic Diseases; Ear, Nose, and Throat Diseases; Nervous System Diseases

Summary

The following summary is from Orphanet, a European reference portal for information on rare diseases and orphan drugs.
orphanet

Orpha Number: 1252

Definition
Blepharonasofacial syndrome is a rare otorhinolaryngological malformation syndrome characterized by a distinctive mask-like facial dysmorphism, lacrimal duct obstruction, extrapyramidal features, digital malformations and intellectual disability.

Epidemiology
Blepharonasofacial syndrome has been reported in 3 families to date.

Clinical description
The facies has a mask-like appearance due to weakness of facial muscles, and lacrimal duct obstruction is characteristic. Clinical features also include telecanthus (with temporal displacement of lacrimal puncta), bulky nose, broad nasal bridge, sometimes a hypoplastic midface, longitudinal cheek furrows, trapezoidal upper lip and malformation of the ears. Intellectual disability, cutaneous syndactyly, torsion dystonia, increased deep tendon reflexes, Babinski sign, poor coordination, and joint laxity are also observed.

Etiology
Inheritance is thought to be either autosomal or X-linked dominant.

Visit the Orphanet disease page for more resources.

Symptoms

This table lists symptoms that people with this disease may have. For most diseases, symptoms will vary from person to person. People with the same disease may not have all the symptoms listed. This information comes from a database called the Human Phenotype Ontology (HPO) . The HPO collects information on symptoms that have been described in medical resources. The HPO is updated regularly. Use the HPO ID to access more in-depth information about a symptom.

Medical Terms Other Names
Learn More:
HPO ID
80%-99% of people have these symptoms
Blepharophimosis
Narrow opening between the eyelids
0000581
Finger syndactyly
0006101
Lacrimation abnormality
Abnormality of tear production
0000632
Long philtrum
0000343
Mask-like facies
Expressionless face
Lack of facial expression
Mask-like facial appearance

[ more ]

0000298
Redundant skin
Loose redundant skin
Redundant skin folds
Sagging, redundant skin

[ more ]

0001582
Telecanthus
Corners of eye widely separated
0000506
Thickened skin
Thick skin
0001072
Torsion dystonia
0001304
Underdeveloped nasal alae
Underdeveloped tissue around nostril
0000430
Wide nasal bridge
Broad nasal bridge
Broad nasal root
Broadened nasal bridge
Increased breadth of bridge of nose
Increased breadth of nasal bridge
Increased width of bridge of nose
Increased width of nasal bridge
Nasal bridge broad
Wide bridge of nose
Widened nasal bridge

[ more ]

0000431
Wide nose
Broad nose
Increased breadth of nose
Increased nasal breadth
Increased nasal width
Increased width of nose

[ more ]

0000445
30%-79% of people have these symptoms
Abnormal eyelash morphology
Abnormal eyelashes
Abnormality of the eyelashes
Eyelash abnormality

[ more ]

0000499
Cleft palate
Cleft roof of mouth
0000175
Epicanthus
Eye folds
Prominent eye folds

[ more ]

0000286
External ear malformation
0008572
Hearing impairment
Deafness
Hearing defect

[ more ]

0000365
Hyperreflexia
Increased reflexes
0001347
Intellectual disability
Mental deficiency
Mental retardation
Mental retardation, nonspecific
Mental-retardation

[ more ]

0001249
Joint hyperflexibility
Joints move beyond expected range of motion
0005692
Non-midline cleft lip
0100335
Sparse lateral eyebrow
Limited hair on end of eyebrow
0005338
5%-29% of people have these symptoms
Abnormality of the voice
Voice abnormality
0001608
Cryptorchidism
Undescended testes
Undescended testis

[ more ]

0000028
Inguinal hernia
0000023
Low posterior hairline
Low hairline at back of neck
0002162
Optic atrophy
0000648
Reduced number of teeth
Decreased tooth count
0009804
Percent of people who have these symptoms is not available through HPO
Autosomal dominant inheritance
0000006
Facial palsy
Bell's palsy
0010628

Learn more

These resources provide more information about this condition or associated symptoms. The in-depth resources contain medical and scientific language that may be hard to understand. You may want to review these resources with a medical professional.

In-Depth Information

  • The Monarch Initiative brings together data about this condition from humans and other species to help physicians and biomedical researchers. Monarch’s tools are designed to make it easier to compare the signs and symptoms (phenotypes) of different diseases and discover common features. This initiative is a collaboration between several academic institutions across the world and is funded by the National Institutes of Health. Visit the website to explore the biology of this condition.
  • Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man (OMIM) is a catalog of human genes and genetic disorders. Each entry has a summary of related medical articles. It is meant for health care professionals and researchers. OMIM is maintained by Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine. 
  • Orphanet is a European reference portal for information on rare diseases and orphan drugs. Access to this database is free of charge.
  • PubMed is a searchable database of medical literature and lists journal articles that discuss Blepharonasofacial malformation syndrome. Click on the link to view a sample search on this topic.