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Disease Profile

Bazex-Dupre-Christol syndrome

Prevalence
Prevalence estimates on Rare Medical Network websites are calculated based on data available from numerous sources, including US and European government statistics, the NIH, Orphanet, and published epidemiologic studies. Rare disease population data is recognized to be highly variable, and based on a wide variety of source data and methodologies, so the prevalence data on this site should be assumed to be estimated and cannot be considered to be absolutely correct.

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US Estimated

Europe Estimated

Age of onset

Infancy

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ICD-10

L98.8

Inheritance

Autosomal dominant A pathogenic variant in only one gene copy in each cell is sufficient to cause an autosomal dominant disease.

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Autosomal recessive Pathogenic variants in both copies of each gene of the chromosome are needed to cause an autosomal recessive disease and observe the mutant phenotype.

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X-linked
dominant X-linked dominant inheritance, sometimes referred to as X-linked dominance, is a mode of genetic inheritance by which a dominant gene is carried on the X chromosome.

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X-linked
recessive Pathogenic variants in both copies of a gene on the X chromosome cause an X-linked recessive disorder.

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Mitochondrial or multigenic Mitochondrial genetic disorders can be caused by changes (mutations) in either the mitochondrial DNA or nuclear DNA that lead to dysfunction of the mitochondria and inadequate production of energy.

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Multigenic or multifactor Inheritance involving many factors, of which at least one is genetic but none is of overwhelming importance, as in the causation of a disease by multiple genetic and environmental factors.

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Not applicable

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Other names (AKA)

BDCS; Bazex syndrome; BZX;

Categories

Congenital and Genetic Diseases; Eye diseases; Rare Cancers;

Summary

The following summary is from Orphanet, a European reference portal for information on rare diseases and orphan drugs.
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Orpha Number: 113

Definition
Bazex-Dupré-Christol syndrome is a rare genodermatosis with a predisposition to early-onset basal cell carcinomas.

Epidemiology
So far, 143 cases have been reported, mostly from France and Belgium.

Clinical description
The disease manifests during the neonatal period or during infancy. It is characterized by hypotrichosis, hypohidrosis, milia and basal cell carcinomas of early onset. Follicular atrophoderma is frequent and most common on the dorsum of the hands and feet, the extensor surfaces of the elbows and knees, and the face. Hypotrichosis affects the scalp and sometimes the eyebrows. The milia papules and basal cell carcinomas are located predominantly on the face. Basal cell carcinomas develop in 40% of patients, usually during the 2nd or 3rd decade of life. Additional common features include basal cell hamartomas, trichoepitheliomas and, in very rare cases, atopy, keratosis pilaris, ichthyosis, arachnodactyly with joint hyperlaxity, osteochondritis, deafness and learning difficulties.

Etiology
The gene has been mapped to the long arm of the X chromosome, within the Xq24-q27.1 region. UBE2A (Xq24), encoding a protein involved in repair of UV-damaged DNA, has been proposed as a candidate gene.

Differential diagnosis
The differential diagnosis should include Gorlin syndrome, which also leads to multiple basal cell carcinomas of early onset, and X-linked dominant chondrodysplasia punctata (see these terms) in which follicular atrophoderma may also be observed. Rombo syndrome and generalized basaloid follicular hamartoma syndrome (see these terms) should also be included in the differential diagnosis.

Genetic counseling
Transmission is X-linked dominant.

Management and treatment
Management involves photoprotection and early detection of basal cell carcinomas. Surgical intervention, and sometimes cryosurgery or topical imiquimod, are indicated for basal cell carcinomas. Radiotherapy is contraindicated.

Visit the Orphanet disease page for more resources.

Symptoms

This table lists symptoms that people with this disease may have. For most diseases, symptoms will vary from person to person. People with the same disease may not have all the symptoms listed. This information comes from a database called the Human Phenotype Ontology (HPO) . The HPO collects information on symptoms that have been described in medical resources. The HPO is updated regularly. Use the HPO ID to access more in-depth information about a symptom.

Medical Terms Other Names
Learn More:
HPO ID
80%-99% of people have these symptoms
Coarse hair
Coarse hair texture
0002208
30%-79% of people have these symptoms
Basal cell carcinoma
0002671
Milia
Milk spot
0001056
Pili torti
Flattened and twisted hair
0003777
Sparse and thin eyebrow
Thin, sparse eyebrows
0000535
Sparse or absent eyelashes
0200102
Sparse scalp hair
Reduced/lack of hair on scalp
Scalp hair, thinning
Sparse, thin scalp hair
sparse-absent scalp hair

[ more ]

0002209
Subcutaneous nodule
Firm lump under the skin
Growth of abnormal tissue under the skin

[ more ]

0001482
Trichorrhexis nodosa
0009886
5%-29% of people have these symptoms
Abnormal clavicle morphology
Abnormal collarbone
0000889
Abnormality of finger
Abnormalities of the fingers
0001167
Acne inversa
0040154
Eczema
0000964
Exostoses
Formation of new noncancerous bone on top of existing bone
0100777
Hypoplasia of the ear cartilage
Underdeveloped ear cartilage
0100720
Macrotia
Large ears
0000400
Trichoepithelioma
0025367
Percent of people who have these symptoms is not available through HPO
Abnormality of the mouth
Abnormal mouth
0000153
Atopic dermatitis
0001047
Hyperpigmentation of the skin
Patchy darkened skin
0000953
Hypohidrosis
Decreased ability to sweat
Decreased sweating
Sweating, decreased

[ more ]

0000966
Infantile onset
Onset in first year of life
Onset in infancy

[ more ]

0003593
Joint hypermobility
Double-Jointed
Flexible joints
Increased mobility of joints

[ more ]

0001382
Keratosis pilaris
Chicken skin
0032152
Low hanging columella
0009765
Narrow nasal ridge
Decreased width of nasal ridge
Pinched nose
Thin nasal ridge

[ more ]

0000418
Nevus
Mole
0003764
Sparse hair
0008070
Underdeveloped nasal alae
Underdeveloped tissue around nostril
0000430
X-linked dominant inheritance
0001423

Organizations

Support and advocacy groups can help you connect with other patients and families, and they can provide valuable services. Many develop patient-centered information and are the driving force behind research for better treatments and possible cures. They can direct you to research, resources, and services. Many organizations also have experts who serve as medical advisors or provide lists of doctors/clinics. Visit the group’s website or contact them to learn about the services they offer. Inclusion on this list is not an endorsement by GARD.

Organizations Supporting this Disease

    Learn more

    These resources provide more information about this condition or associated symptoms. The in-depth resources contain medical and scientific language that may be hard to understand. You may want to review these resources with a medical professional.

    Where to Start

    • DermNet NZ is an online resource about skin diseases developed by the New Zealand Dermatological Society Incorporated. DermNet NZ provides information about this condition.

      In-Depth Information

      • The Monarch Initiative brings together data about this condition from humans and other species to help physicians and biomedical researchers. Monarch’s tools are designed to make it easier to compare the signs and symptoms (phenotypes) of different diseases and discover common features. This initiative is a collaboration between several academic institutions across the world and is funded by the National Institutes of Health. Visit the website to explore the biology of this condition.
      • Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man (OMIM) is a catalog of human genes and genetic disorders. Each entry has a summary of related medical articles. It is meant for health care professionals and researchers. OMIM is maintained by Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine. 
      • Orphanet is a European reference portal for information on rare diseases and orphan drugs. Access to this database is free of charge.
      • PubMed is a searchable database of medical literature and lists journal articles that discuss Bazex-Dupre-Christol syndrome. Click on the link to view a sample search on this topic.